Choosing the right birth control is an important decision, especially for teens exploring their options for the first time. While it does feel overwhelming, you’re not alone in wanting to understand your options. With so many options available, finding the right fit matters most to your health and personal choices.
Non-surgical, non-hormonal methods offer safe and effective ways to prevent pregnancy without involving hormones or invasive procedures. These options are ideal for teens who want to avoid hormonal side effects or surgery.
This guide explores these options in detail.
Barrier Methods: Convenient and Effective
Barrier methods are among the most widely used non-hormonal birth control options. They actively block sperm from approaching the egg, making them effective and easy to use.
- Condoms: Male and female contraceptives are a go-to option. They are affordable, readily available, and safeguard against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and diseases (STDs). Male condoms are made from latex, polyurethane, and other natural materials. In contrast, female condoms are made from nitrile, a synthetic, non-latex.
Cleveland Clinic stresses that proper use is crucial—using a condom correctly every time increases its effectiveness to about 98%. Only 15% of women each year become pregnant when using condoms as their only contraceptive. You can also enhance a condom’s effectiveness by pairing it with spermicides, pills, and diaphragms.
- Diaphragms and Cervical Caps: These reusable silicone devices are placed in the vagina to protect the cervix and block sperm. Both require a prescription and must be used with spermicide to maximize effectiveness. Moreover, only doctors can insert them, and they can’t be used during periods.
Likewise, these options don’t protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and using a condom is recommended. Medical News Today states that diaphragms have a 17% failure rate. Similarly, cervical caps fail 14% of the time for women who haven’t given birth. In women who had a vaginal delivery, the risk nearly doubled. - Spermicides: Available as gels, foams, or suppositories, spermicides kill sperm to prevent fertilization. WebMD reports that their failure rate is over 25%. However, when combined with other barrier methods, their potency increases. The primary ingredient in this contraceptive is nonoxynol-9, which can trigger allergies or sensitivities in some people.
It doesn’t protect you from STDs, and you should wait at least 8 hours before rinsing it. - Contraceptive sponge: This is a small, soft sponge that you put inside your vagina before a sex sesh. According to Greatist, it surrounds the cervix to block the sperm from reaching the eggs and contains spermicide to neutralize sperm. This contraceptive is 76 to 88% reliable and obtainable without a prescription.
Plus, it lasts about a day. However, remember, you can’t discard it for at least 6 hours after sex. - Phexxi: This new contraceptive was approved by the FDA in 2020 and requires a prescription. GoodRx reveals this birth control is a gel that you apply for about 60 minutes pre-sex. It creates an acidic vaginal environment, killing sperm. It comprises lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate and is over 85% effective.
Moreover, the Affordable Care Act reimburses it and will be cheap or free with conventional health insurance.
Copper IUD: A Long-Term Non-hormonal Option
The copper intrauterine device, commonly known as Paragard, is a small, T-shaped device placed in the uterus by a healthcare provider. It’s hormone-free and prevents pregnancy by creating a hostile sperm environment.
The copper IUD offers long-term protection, lasting up to 10 years, making it an appealing option for teens who prefer low-maintenance birth control. It’s also highly reliable, with a success rate of nearly 100%. IUDs are becoming more popular with teens as they don’t have to think about them every day.
However, it’s important to consider potential risks. Some users report heavier periods and cramping after insertion during the initial days. The IUD can dislodge, break, and fall off in rare cases. Extreme scenarios where women were internally injured due to the broken IUD pieces have prompted the Paragard lawsuit. Several women had to get additional surgeries to address these issues.
While such cases are uncommon, discuss all potential risks with your doctor before deciding if a copper IUD is right for you. According to TorHoerman Law, over 2,820 lawsuits have been filed against Paragard’s manufacturer, Teva Pharmaceuticals. The first round of hearings involving 10 such cases will begin in 2025. The outcome will provide a hint as to what the settlement amounts will look like.
Natural Family Planning
These methods involve tracking your menstrual cycle to determine your most and least fertile days. Teens interested in hormone-free and natural approaches may find these methods appealing, though they require dedication.
Fertility Awareness Methods (FAMs): FAMs require knowing your body, and menstrual cycle. You track your cycle to determine when you will likely get pregnant (your fertile window). Then, you avoid sex during those days. According to the American Pregnancy Association, there are a few different ways to track your cycle:
- Calendar method: You track your periods on a calendar.
- Basal body temperature method: You take your temperature every morning after waking.
- Cervical mucus method: You examine the variations in your cervical mucus (vaginal discharge).
- Some people use apps to help them track their cycle, as it is easier and more precise. FAMs take commitment and careful tracking, but they can be a good option for some people.
While these methods are natural, their effectiveness can vary significantly. Typical use has a failure rate of about 24%, meaning nearly one in four users may experience an unintended pregnancy. Teens in stable relationships or those consistent with tracking might find this option suitable. However, NFP does not protect against STIs, so additional precautions may be necessary.
Choosing the Right Method for You
The right method for you depends on your lifestyle, health history, and what you’re seeking in birth control.
Do you prefer a method that doesn’t require daily attention? An IUD might be a good choice. Are you okay with using something every time you have sex? Condoms or the sponge could work. It’s important to talk to your doctor or another healthcare provider. They can help you figure out which method is best for you.
Commonly Asked Questions
Q1. Are non-hormonal birth control methods safe for teenagers?
Most non-hormonal methods are generally safe. Copper IUDs and barrier methods have minimal side effects. However, individual health factors matter. Always consult a healthcare professional to understand personal risks and find the ideal option for your body.
Q2. Can teens buy non-hormonal birth control without parental consent?
Laws vary by state. In many states, teens can access confidential reproductive healthcare. Some clinics offer free or low-cost services. Planned Parenthood and school health centers can guide you on accessing contraception privately and safely.
Q3. Can I use natural family planning if my periods are irregular?
It’s trickier to use natural family planning if your periods aren’t regular. This is because it’s challenging to estimate your fertile window. You’re better off using a different method if your cycle varies a lot.
Non-surgical, non-hormonal birth control options offer safe, effective solutions for teens who want to prevent pregnancy without using hormones or undergoing surgery. There’s an option for everyone, whether it’s barrier methods, the copper IUD, or natural family planning.
Remember, your contraceptive experience will be personal and unique. Research, ask questions, and prioritize your health. The right method will empower you to make informed decisions about your body. Learning about your birth control options is a great first step. Don’t hesitate to ask questions and talk to your doctor. They’re there to help you!